Manuscript ID: OPENSUTRA_ORG_0000081

R​i​t​u​a​l​ ​T​e​x​t​s​ ​f​o​r​ ​t​h​e​ ​W​a​t​e​r​ ​a​n​d​ ​L​a​n​d​ ​R​i​t​e​ ​o​f​ ​H​e​a​v​e​n​ ​a​n​d​ ​E​a​r​t​h​,​ ​t​h​e​ ​N​e​t​h​e​r​ ​a​n​d​ ​Y​a​n​g​ ​R​e​a​l​m​s

Three juan (volumes), two volumes of miscellaneous writings, with appended altar/ritual-site layouts; authored by Yang E (Song), compiled by Zong Yixiang; early Ming Taiyuan edition

“Ritual Texts for the Water and Land Rite of Heaven and Earth, the Nether and Yang Realms” is a compilation of ritual procedures and miscellaneous writings related to the Water and Land Dharma Assembly, reflecting the Buddhist tradition of salvation and memorial rites.

“Ritual Texts for the Water and Land Rite of Heaven and Earth, the Nether and Yang Realms” is closely connected with Water and Land Dharma Assemblies, food offering rituals, memorial services for the deceased, altar arrangements, and liturgical procedures, embodying the ritual system of large-scale salvation assemblies in Chinese Buddhism. Such literature possesses value for religious practice, Dharma assembly organization, and the history of local printing. This item is an early Ming Taiyuan printed edition and may be used to observe the compilation and transmission of Water and Land ritual texts.
Published: May 26, 2026
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Ritual Texts for the Water and Land Rite of Heaven and Earth, the Nether and Yang RealmsComplete

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Ritual Texts for the Water and Land Rite of Heaven and Earth, the Nether and Yang Realms
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Manuscript Information

Image Info

Primarily the main ritual texts, with appended altar/ritual-site layouts.

Responsibility Info

Authored by Yang E of the Song; compiled by Zong Yixiang.

Format & Dimensions

PDF, 272 pages in total; facsimile images of the ancient book.

Colophon

Title, fascicle count, responsible persons, edition and date recorded according to page images.

Provenance & Source

OpenSutra compiled and released; title, fascicle count and edition information recorded according to page images.

License

The ancient text is in the public domain; the images are for browsing, research and compilation/display—please follow the original holding institution's or rights statements when using them.

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